ДЕКАРБОНІЗАЦІЯ ЯК ЗАПОРУКА СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ: ВИКЛИКИ Й ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЄС ТА УКРАЇНИ
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Анотація
Досягнення сталого розвитку в усьому світі значною мірою залежить від упровадження комплексної енергетичної трансформації та декарбонізації в усіх секторах економіки. Це потребує аналізу чинників і наслідків, пов’язаних із цими зусиллями. Тому це дослідження має на меті оцінити й проаналізувати чинники та бар’єри, що впливають на скорочення викидів парникових газів (ПГ) і впровадження стратегій декарбонізації. Окрім того, стаття окреслює перспективи розвитку країн ЄС та України в контексті енергетичної трансформації й досягнення сталого розвитку. Результати дослідження підкреслюють тенденцію до зменшення викидів парникових газів і в ЄС, і в Україні з 2006 по 2022 рік, незважаючи на зростання динаміки ВВП. Крім того, спостерігається збільшення частки відновлюваної енергетики та зниження енергоємності ВВП досліджуваних країн. Енергетика й транспорт визначені як найскладніші для декарбонізації сектори, а тому впровадження водневих технологій у них є найбільш актуальним. За результатами регресійного аналізу за період 2012-2022 рр. доведено взаємозалежність між викидами CO2, обсягом ВВП та енергоємністю ВВП в країнах Європи. Отримана залежність дозволяє спрогнозувати викиди в європейських країнах, і чим менша енергоємність, тим менший буде вуглецевий слід. Досліджено державну політику підтримки низьковуглецевих технологій, яка виявляється в ухваленні та реалізації екологічного законодавства, зокрема водневих стратегій. Законодавство щодо клімату забезпечує глобальну основу для економічних і соціальних перетворень із метою подолання глобального потепління та переходу від викопного палива. З 2022 року війна в Україні стала серйозним викликом для сталого розвитку Європи та впливає на викиди вуглецю й стійкість клімату. Без досягнення миру неможливо досягти сталого розвитку.
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