ВПЛИВ СТАРІННЯ НАСЕЛЕННЯ НА ЕКОНОМІЧНЕ ЗРОСТАННЯ: РОЛЬ МОДЕЛЕЙ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ В КРАЇНАХ ОЕСР

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Михайло Мальований
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5541-6463
Зоя Непочатенко
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4236-3592
Алла Осіпова
Інна Новак
Олена Прокопчук

Анотація

У статті досліджено вплив старіння населення на економічне зростання в країнах ОЕСР з урахуванням специфіки різних моделей соціальної політики. Основною метою роботи є виявлення особливостей економічного впливу старіння в межах кожної моделі (скандинавської, англосаксонської, континентальної, середземноморської та центрально-східноєвропейської) й оцінка їхньої здатності адаптуватися до демографічних змін. Аналіз базується на панельних моделях ARDL та PMG, що дозволяє врахувати коротко- й довгостроковий вплив старіння на економічне зростання. Результати показують значні відмінності у впливі старіння на економіку залежно від моделі соціальної політики: негативний короткостроковий ефект найбільш очевидний у скандинавській моделі, водночас у середземноморській моделі негативний вплив зберігається в довгостроковій перспективі. Також країни з розвиненою приватною та корпоративною пенсійними системами, як в англосаксонській чи континентальній моделях, можуть краще адаптуватися до демографічних викликів, зменшивши навантаження на державні фінанси. Результати дослідження допомагають визначити найкращі практики з різних соціальних моделей для зменшення негативного впливу старіння на економіку та забезпечення належного рівня соціального захисту.

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