ФІНАНСОВИЙ МОНІТОРИНГ У БАНКІВСЬКІЙ СИСТЕМІ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ДЕРЖАВИ
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Анотація
Стрімка цифрова трансформація глобального банківського сектора в поєднанні зі зростанням геополітичної нестабільності, кіберзагроз і складності транскордонних фінансових потоків суттєво посилила стратегічне значення систем фінансового моніторингу для забезпечення економічної безпеки держави. Сучасний фінансовий моніторинг виходить за межі традиційної комплаєнс-функції та дедалі більше функціонує як інтегрований механізм управління системними ризиками, фінансової стійкості та інституційної стабільності. Незважаючи на значну кількість досліджень, присвячених протидії відмиванню коштів (AML), фінансовим технологіям, кібербезпеці та регуляторним інноваціям, наукова література залишається фрагментованою та недостатньо інтегрованою до єдиної концептуальної рамки економічної безпеки. Метою дослідження є систематизація сучасних наукових підходів до фінансового моніторингу в банківській системі та визначення системних взаємозв’язків між механізмами фінансового моніторингу, технологічною трансформацією, кіберстійкістю та економічною безпекою держави. У дослідженні застосовано методологію систематичного огляду літератури на основі принципів PRISMA. Було проаналізовано наукові публікації, аналітичні звіти та інституційні дослідження, індексовані в провідних міжнародних базах даних, із використанням тематичного синтезу та порівняльного аналізу. Для поглибленого аналізу було відібрано 79 досліджень, що відповідали визначеним критеріям включення. Результати дослідження свідчать, що сучасні системи фінансового моніторингу еволюціонують у напрямі адаптивних, технологічно орієнтованих та інтенсивно керованих даними архітектур, які інтегрують штучний інтелект, машинне навчання, RegTech-рішення та предиктивну аналітику. Визначено п’ять домінантних тематичних кластерів: технологічна трансформація систем моніторингу; еволюція AML/CFT-регулювання; кіберстійкість та операційна безпека; інституційні та управлінські механізми; геополітичні детермінанти фінансової стабільності. Аналіз також виявив низку системних суперечностей, що формують сучасне середовище фінансового моніторингу, зокрема між інноваціями та регулюванням, прозорістю та приватністю, автоматизацією та пояснюваністю алгоритмів, глобалізацією та економічним суверенітетом. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає в розробці інтегрованої концептуальної рамки, яка розглядає фінансовий моніторинг як стратегічний компонент архітектури економічної безпеки держави в умовах цифрової трансформації та геополітичної нестабільності. Практичне значення роботи полягає у визначенні стратегічних напрямів підвищення ефективності фінансового моніторингу, посилення кіберстійкості та вдосконалення координації між державними органами, фінансовими установами та міжнародними регуляторними організаціями.
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